On the other hand, English has many closed syllables ending in a consonant, and consonant-consonant and consonant-voiceless diphones as well. In Japanese, there are basically three patterns of diphones containing a consonant: voiceless-consonant, vowel-consonant, and consonant-vowel. Japanese has fewer diphones because it has fewer phonemes and most syllabic sounds are open syllables ending in a vowel. Japanese requires 500 diphones per pitch, whereas English requires 2,500. In order to get more natural sounds, three or four different pitch ranges are required to be stored into the library. The Vocaloid system changes the pitch of these fragments so that it fits the melody. For example, the voice corresponding to the word 'sing' () can be synthesized by concatenating the sequence of diphones '#-s, s-I, I-N, N-#' (# indicating a voiceless phoneme) with the sustained vowel Ä«. System architecture Įach Vocaloid license develops the Singer Library, or a database of vocal fragments sampled from real people.The database must have all possible combinations of phonemes of the target language, including diphones (a chain of two different phonemes) and sustained vowels, as well as polyphones with more than two phonemes if necessary. They cannot naturally replicate singing expressions like hoarse voices or shouts. The Vocaloid and Vocaloid 2 synthesis engines are designed for singing, not reading text aloud, though software such as Vocaloid-flex and Voiceroid have been developed for that. 'Singing Articulation' is explained as 'vocal expressions' such as vibrato and vocal fragments necessary for singing. ã§ã³æ¥ç¶æ³ ShÅ«hasÅ«-domain KashÅ Articulation Setsuzoku-hÅ) on the release of Vocaloid in 2004, although this name is no longer used since the release of Vocaloid 2 in 2007.The Vocaloid system can produce the realistic voices by adding vocal expressions like the vibrato on the score information. Vocaloid's singing synthesis technology is generally categorized into the concatenative synthesis in the frequency domain, which splices and processes the vocal fragments extracted from human singing voices, in the forms of time-frequency representation.
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